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01 / 04 · Start with the radius and the coordinates

Predict firstAfter rotating 30° from the positive x axis, does each coordinate of the point increase or decrease?

Preparing the model…
Radius r = 1
Drag the point on the circle · use the arrow keys to fine-tune
Guided lesson

Understand the trigonometric functions as the coordinates of one rotating point.

Prerequisites: Familiarity with plane coordinates; an angle measures how far something has turned.
01 / 04

Start with the radius and the coordinates

Predict firstAfter rotating 30° from the positive x axis, does each coordinate of the point increase or decrease?

The radius of the unit circle is 1. The angle θ is measured counterclockwise from the positive x axis, and the point on the circle is P = (cos θ, sin θ). The blue projection gives the x coordinate and the red projection the y coordinate.

How to observe

  • Drag the point around the circle and watch the right triangle
  • Turn through four quadrants and track the signs of sine and cosine
  • Pause at special angles and compare the projected lengths

Model notes

The radius is 1. The projections are signed coordinates; sine and cosine are not side lengths that stay positive.